Indications

Nystat (Nystatin) is an antifungal antibiotic used for the prevention and treatment of Candida infections, including those in the oral cavity, esophagus, and intestinal tract. It is active against a wide range of yeasts and yeast-like fungi, particularly Candida albicans. It is also used as prophylaxis against oral candidiasis in newborns of mothers with vaginal candidiasis and to prevent Candida overgrowth during treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics.

Pharmacology

Nystatin is a fungistatic and fungicidal antifungal antibiotic. It works by binding to sterols in the fungal cell membrane, which disrupts the membrane's function as a selective barrier. This leads to the loss of essential cellular components like potassium, ultimately killing the fungus. Nystatin is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, meaning its effects are primarily localized.

Dosage & Administration

• Children (Oral and Intestinal Candidiasis): 100,000 units (1 ml) dropped into the mouth four times daily. Keeping the suspension in contact with the affected area for a longer time increases its effect.
• Newborn Prophylaxis: 100,000 units (1 ml) once daily.
• Adults (Intestinal/Esophageal Candidiasis): 500,000 units (5 ml) 3-4 times daily. The dose can be doubled if needed.
• Adult Prophylaxis: 1,000,000 units (10 ml) daily to prevent intestinal candidiasis or overgrowth during antibiotic therapy.
• Dental Sores/Oral Infection: 100,000 units (1 ml) four times daily.
• Elderly: 500,000 units (5 ml) four times daily for intestinal candidiasis if unable to swallow tablets.

Contraindications

There are no known contraindications to the use of Nystatin.

Side Effects

Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea have been reported with high doses. There have been no reports of systemic effects or allergic reactions with its oral dose.

Pregnancy & Lactation

Since Nystatin is negligibly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, no special precautions are necessary during pregnancy or lactation.

Precautions & Warnings

As absorption from the gastrointestinal tract is negligible, no special precautions are required during pregnancy and lactation.

Therapeutic Class

Nystat is a drug for subcutaneous and mycoses and a drug used in vaginal and vulval conditions.

Storage Conditions

Store in a cool and dry place, protected from light. Keep out of the reach of children.