Sperid 4 Tablet contains Risperidone 4 mg. It is manufactured by Renata PLC in Bangladesh.

Indications:

Sperid (Risperidone) is indicated for the treatment of:

• Acute and chronic schizophrenic psychoses.
• Other psychotic conditions with positive symptoms (hallucinations, delusions, thought disturbances, hostility, suspiciousness) and/or negative symptoms (blunted affect, emotional and social withdrawal).
• Alleviation of affective symptoms (depression, guilt feelings, anxiety) associated with schizophrenia.
• Maintenance of clinical improvement during continuation therapy in patients who have shown an initial treatment response.  
• Treatment of mania in bipolar disorder.

Pharmacology:

Risperidone is a selective monoaminergic antagonist with a high affinity for serotoninergic 5-HT₂ and dopaminergic D₂ receptors. It also binds to alpha₁-adrenergic receptors and, with lower affinity, to H₁-histaminergic and alpha₂-adrenergic receptors. Risperidone has no affinity for cholinergic receptors. Its balanced central serotonin and dopamine antagonism may reduce extrapyramidal side effect liability and extend therapeutic activity to negative and affective symptoms of schizophrenia.

Dosage and Administration:

Dosage should be individualized and titrated slowly.

• Psychoses:
  • Day 1: 2 mg in 1-2 divided doses.
  • Day 2: 4 mg in 1-2 divided doses (slower titration may be appropriate for some patients).
  • Usual dose range: 4-6 mg daily.
  • Doses above 10 mg daily should only be used if the benefit is considered to outweigh the risk (maximum 16 mg daily).
• Elderly (or in hepatic or renal impairment): Initially 0.5 mg twice daily, increased in steps of 0.5 mg twice daily. Usual maintenance dose is 1-2 mg twice daily. 
• Mania: Initially 2 mg once daily, increased if necessary in steps of 1 mg daily. Usual dose range is 1-6 mg daily. Elderly or patients with hepatic or renal impairment: initially 1 mg twice daily, increased in steps of 1-2 mg twice daily.
• Schizophrenia in Adolescents: Initially 0.5 mg once daily, administered once or twice daily. Dosage may be adjusted in increments of 0.5 or 1 mg once or twice daily, on a once- or twice-daily schedule. Dosage increases above 1 mg twice daily should occur at intervals of ≥1 week. The usual target dose is 3 mg/day.

Side Effects:

Common side effects include:

• Insomnia
• Agitation
• Anxiety
• Headache
• Less commonly: drowsiness, impaired concentration, fatigue, blurred vision, constipation, nausea, vomiting, dyspepsia, abdominal pain, increased prolactin levels (hyperprolactinaemia), urinary incontinence, fast heart rate (tachycardia), high blood pressure (hypertension), edema, rash, runny nose (rhinitis). 

Precautions:

Special precautions should be taken in patients with:

• Pre-existing cardiovascular diseases.
• Risk factors for cerebrovascular accident.
• Discontinue use if signs and symptoms of tardive dyskinesia occur.
• Renal and hepatic impairment (dosage adjustment may be needed).
• Elderly patients.
• Epilepsy.
• Parkinson's disease.
• Pregnancy and breastfeeding (use only if potential benefits justify risks; breastfeeding is not recommended).

Drug Interactions:

Sperid may interact with several drugs:

• May antagonize the effects of levodopa and dopamine agonists.
• Chronic administration with carbamazepine reduces the plasma clearance of risperidone.
• Chronic administration with clozapine may decrease the clearance of risperidone.
• May enhance the effects of certain antihypertensives.
• Fluoxetine and paroxetine may increase risperidone plasma concentrations.

Contraindications:

Sperid is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to risperidone.

Storage:

Do not store above 30°C. Keep away from light and out of the reach of children.

Important Note: This information is for general knowledge and informational purposes only and does not substitute professional medical advice. Always consult your doctor or pharmacist for specific instructions and guidance regarding your medication. They can assess your individual medical condition and provide the most appropriate advice.